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Women and men tend to have different types of stress-related psychological disorders. Women have greater rates of depression and some types of anxiety disorders than men, while men have greater rates of alcohol-use disorders than women. A new study of emotional and alcohol-craving responses to stress has found that when men become upset, they are more likely than women to want alcohol. Results will be published in the July issue of Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research and are currently available at OnlineEarly. “We know that women and men respond to stress differently,” said Tara M. Chaplin, associate research scientist at Yale University School ... 
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Ultrasound is not needed to rule out pulmonary embolism (PE) when multislice computed tomography (MSCT) is used, according to a new study [1]. Ultrasound could still be of interest in patients with a contraindication to MSCT, although it would allow avoiding MSCT in only one of every 11 patients, the results show. The study, published in the April 19, 2008 issue of the Lancet, was conducted by a group led by Dr Marc Righini (Geneva University Hospital, Switzerland). He commented: "Our study has shown that we can simplify the diagnosis of PE and that ...
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A St Louis cardiologist is calling upon the US FDA to reconsider a black-box warning it placed on ultrasound contrast agents at the end of last year, following a new study she coordinated that shows that the benefits of such agents outweigh the risks. Dr Melda Dolan (Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO) presented her data during a late-breaking clinical-trials session at the American College of Cardiology 2008 Scientific Sessions last week. "Based on the results of our study, we believe the FDA should reconsider its stance on contrast agents, because the benefits outweigh the potential, although not established, risk," said Dolan. She maintains that the black-box ...
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OBJECTIVE: To estimate the frequency of mismatch repair deficiencies associated with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, or Lynch syndrome, in women less than age 50 with endometrial cancer. METHODS: Consecutive patients less than age 50 diagnosed with endometrial adenocarcinoma were identified. Available pathologic specimens were freshly sliced, and protein expression for MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Slides were scored on a semiquantitative method with complete absence of any of the four proteins suggesting a deficiency. ...
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Treating diabetic patients with high LDL and hypertension to lower-than-normal targets appears to produce regressions in atherosclerosis not seen in similar patients treated to standard target LDL and systolic blood-pressure levels, results from the Stop Atherosclerosis in Native Diabetics (SANDS) study suggest [1]. Writing in the April 9, 2008 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association, Dr Barbara V Howard (Medstar Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD) and colleagues note that while the use of a surrogate end point—in this case, change in carotid intima media thickness ...
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The elderly are cared for by their adult children regardless of their marital status. In a unique study funded by the Economic and Social Research Council, researchers found British adult children help their elderly parents according to current need (i.e. health) rather than past behaviour. This contrasts with other countries such as the US, where parents with a history of divorce see less of their children and receive less help from them. So in the UK a parent that is living alone is more likely to receive help from children than parents with partners. Children also give more help as the parent ages. For every extra year of the parent’s age, he/she is 9% more likely to receive help from ...
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OBJECTIVE:To determine whether vaginal descent changes are associated with pelvic floor symptoms in postmenopausal women. METHODS:This 4-year prospective study included 260 postmenopausal women with an intact uterus enrolled at one Women's Health Initiative (WHI) clinical trial site. All completed at least two annual pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POP-Q) examinations and symptom questionnaires (30 bladder, bowel, and prolapse symptom items, modified from the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory). Symptoms were grouped, and group scores categorized into two or three evenly distributed ...
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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence of lichen sclerosus and psoriasis in gynecologic patients. METHODS: The prevalence of lichen sclerosus and psoriasis individually, as well as the prevalence of both diseases in the same patient, was evaluated among 2,800 women attending a primary care gynecology practice for annual routine gynecologic examinations. The incidence of lichen sclerosus (new diagnosis of lichen sclerosus per year/population at risk) was calculated for the last 5 years. RESULTS: Two hundred (7.1%) women had a biopsy-proven anogenital ...
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of time since childbirth and other pregnancy factors on the prognosis of premenopausal breast cancer. METHODS: Women who delivered an infant in Nova Scotia, Canada, between 1980 and 2001 were identified from a provincial perinatal database and linked to the Nova Scotia Cancer Registry to determine primary breast cancer diagnoses among women aged younger than 50 years. Relative risks and Cox proportional hazards ratios were calculated to quantify the relationship of time from childbirth to diagnosis and other pregnancy factors to the ...
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OBJECTIVE: To estimate the efficacy of a simple clinical maneuver that facilitates removal of residual abdominal carbon dioxide (CO2) after laparoscopic surgery to reduce shoulder pain. METHODS: A total of 116 female outpatients who were scheduled for elective gynecologic laparoscopic surgery were randomly allocated to either the current standard (control group) or to additional efforts to remove residual CO2 at the end of surgery. In the control group, CO2 was removed by passive deflation of the abdominal cavity through the cannula. ...
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Clues into how preeclampsia may surface in some pregnancies BOSTON – The COMT gene – known already for its role in schizophrenia – has been found to play a role in preeclampsia, according to a report in today’s advance on-line issue of Nature. Led by researchers at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), the study further suggests that a steroid molecule, 2-ME, may serve as both a diagnostic marker and therapeutic supplement for the treatment of this dangerous pregnancy disorder. Characterized by hypertension, proteinuria, and edema, preeclampsia affects approximately 5 percent of all pregnancies worldwide, and is a leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity. ...
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The use of home-based exercise and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) together has led to an improvement in symptoms in a pilot study in depressed patients with heart failure. This is the first-ever research to look at a combination of such treatments, lead investigator Dr Rebecca Gary (Emory University, Atlanta, GA) told Gary presented the results yesterday during a poster session at the American Heart Association 2008 Quality of Care and Outcomes Research in Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke Conference. But she cautioned that the study was small and therefore not powered to show significant differences in outcomes and that the home-based interventions were expensive and labor-intensive. ...
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Everyone seems to agree that there is little in the ONTARGET megatrial, presented yesterday at the American College of Cardiology (ACC) 2008 Scientific Sessions, to quibble about and that it shows clear results: doctors now have a choice of an ACE inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) in high-risk CHD/diabetes patients, but the combination should be avoided. Dr Salim Yusuf Lead investigator Dr Salim Yusuf (McMaster University, Hamilton, ON) said: "There have been ...
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Productivity rises when companies are facing closure In companies that are slated to be shut down, productivity increases during the phase-out period itself In companies that are slated to be shut down, productivity increases during the phase-out period itself. When management is busy dealing with matters other than daily operations, employees shoulder a greater responsibility for their work-and efficiency is enhanced. According to business economist Magnus Hansson at Örebro University in Sweden, this shows that it is possible to boost productivity considerably without investing. This is also an argument for longer phase-out periods, which would benefit both the employees and the ...
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At first, fruit flies eat like horses. Hatching inside over-ripe fruit where they were laid, they feed wildly in the sugar-rich environment until nature sends them an offer they can’t refuse. To survive, they must leave the fruit, wander off and burrow into the earth where they avoid food as if it were poison. Only then can the larvae grow and hatch into flies that will take wing to lay their own eggs. Now, a team of researchers from the University of Georgia has discovered for the first time that the important developmental switch from food attraction to aversion in the fruit fly larva is controlled by a timing mechanism in the brain and its sensory system. The study shows how this ...
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NEJM:- Volume 358:2039-2049 May 8, 2008 Number 19 Robert S. Kerbel, Ph.D. The current era of research in antiangiogenic therapy for cancer began in earnest in 1971 with the publication of Folkman's imaginative hypothesis,1 but 33 years would elapse before the first drug developed as an inhibitor of angiogenesis was approved by the Food and Drug Administration ...
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