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lunes 9 de enero de 2006
COMMENTARY: Inflamed fat: what starts the fire?
Abstract Obesity is associated with increased macrophage infiltration of adipose tissue, and these macrophages may be an important component of the chronic inflammatory response playing a crucial role in the development of insulin resistance. This prompts the question as to how ...
martes 3 de enero de 2006
COMMENTARY: Is ghrelin a signal for the development of metabolic systems?
Abstract Ghrelin, produced in the stomach, acts on growth hormone secretagogue receptors (GHSRs) in hypothalamic neurons to potently increase food intake. However, male mice with deletions of ghrelin (Ghrl–/– mice) or GHSR (Ghsr–/– mice) display normal growth and regulation of food intake. ...
martes 3 de enero de 2006
COMMENTARY: New ways in which GLP-1 can regulate glucose homeostasis
Abstract Glucagon-like peptide–1 (GLP-1) has a diverse set of peripheral actions which all serve to promote enhanced glucose tolerance, and for this reason it has become the basis for new treatments for type 2 diabetes. In this issue of the JCI, Knauf et al. provide clear evidence that GLP-1 ...
domingo 1 de enero de 2006
Expression of neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin in atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction
Objective—Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) modulates the activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9, an important mediator of vascular remodeling and plaque instability in atherosclerosis. This study aimed to analyze the expression of NGAL in atherosclerotic plaques and ...
domingo 1 de enero de 2006
Nicotine induces proinflammatory responses in macrophages and the aorta leading to acceleration of atherosclerosis in low-density lipoprotein receptor–/– mice
Objective— We investigated the molecular mechanism of nicotine-accelerated atherosclerosis in a hyperlipidemic low-density lipoprotein receptor–/– mouse model. Methods and Results—Low-density lipoprotein receptor–/– mice received time-release nicotine or placebo pellets for 90 days. Aortic lesion ...
domingo 1 de enero de 2006
Macrophage apolipoprotein e reduces atherosclerosis and prevents premature death in apolipoprotein e and scavenger receptor–class bi double-knockout mice
Objective— Mice null for both apolipoprotein (apo)E and scavenger receptor (SR)-BI (DKO) develop severe hypercholesterolemia, occlusive coronary atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and premature death. - The current study examines the ability of macrophage apoE to improve the dyslipidemia, ...
domingo 1 de enero de 2006
Distinct cellular loci for the ABCA1-dependent and ABCA1-independent lipid efflux mediated by endogenous apolipoprotein e expression
Objective—Macrophage expression of both apolipoprotein E (apoE) and ABCA1 have been shown to modulate lipid efflux from these cells and to play an important atheroprotective role in vivo. We evaluated the relationship between apoE and ABCA1 for regulating cellular sterol efflux. Methods and ...
domingo 1 de enero de 2006
Glucocorticoid receptor regulates ATP-binding cassette transporter-A1 expression and apolipoprotein-mediated cholesterol efflux from macrophages
Objective— The ATP-binding cassette transporter-A1 (ABCA1) regulates cholesterol efflux from cells and is involved in high-density lipoprotein metabolism and atherogenesis. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dexamethasone (Dex) and other glucocorticoid receptor (GR) ...
domingo 1 de enero de 2006
Diabetes, the metabolic syndrome, and angiographic progression of coronary arterial disease in postmenopausal women
Objective— Although the metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, its relationship with atherosclerotic progression is less well defined. We sought to determine whether the MS predicts angiographic progression of coronary heart disease in a cohort of ...
domingo 1 de enero de 2006
The impact of the canadian hypertension education program on antihypertensive prescribing trends
Although previous studies have shown that hypertension management has improved in Canada during the past decade, this study was designed to determine whether these changes were temporally related to initiation of the Canadian Hypertension Education Program in 1999. Antihypertensive prescription ...
domingo 1 de enero de 2006
HOT TOPICS: Dyslipidemia and the risk of incident hypertension in men
Evidence suggests that hypertension may share a similar pathophysiology with cardiovascular disease (CVD).Thus, dyslipidemia, a strong predictor of CVD, may also predict incident hypertension.We analyzed 3110 men free of hypertension, CVD, and cancer from the Physicians’ Health Study, who provided ...
domingo 1 de enero de 2006
Retinal and cerebral microembolization during coronary artery bypass surgery
Background— We sought to compare the effects on ophthalmic function of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and off-pump (OPCAB) grafting and to investigate whether retinal microvascular damage is associated with markers of cerebral injury. Methods and Results— ...
domingo 1 de enero de 2006
Binge drinking and mortality after acute myocardial infarction
Background— Moderate drinkers have a lower risk of mortality after myocardial infarction (MI). Although binge drinking has been associated with a higher risk of MI in some studies, its relation to prognosis after MI is uncertain. Methods and Results— In a prospective, inception cohort study ...
domingo 1 de enero de 2006
Angiographic and clinical outcomes in patients receiving low-molecular-weight heparin versus unfractionated heparin in st-elevation myocardial infarction treated with fibrinolytics in the CLARITY-TIMI 28 trial
Background—Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) offers pharmacological and practical advantages over unfractionated heparin (UFH). Whether these advantages translate into greater infarct-related artery patency and fewer adverse clinical events in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction ...
domingo 1 de enero de 2006
Twenty-year trends in serum cholesterol, hypercholesterolemia, and cholesterol medication use
Background— Although US cholesterol concentrations have dropped, &50% of adults have total cholesterol concentrations 5.18 mmol/L, putting them at "borderline-high risk" for heart disease. Whether the decline has continued into the 21st century is unknown.We assessed 20-year trends in ...
domingo 1 de enero de 2006
Diesel exhaust inhalation causes vascular dysfunction and impaired endogenous fibrinolysis
Background—Although the mechanisms are unknown, it has been suggested that transient exposure to traffic-derived air pollution may be a trigger for acute myocardial infarction. The study aim was to investigate the effects of diesel exhaust inhalation on vascular and endothelial function in humans. ...
sábado 31 de diciembre de 2005
The biogenesis of platelets from megakaryocyte proplatelets
Abstract Platelets are formed and released into the bloodstream by precursor cells called megakaryocytes that reside within the bone marrow. The production of platelets by megakaryocytes requires an intricate series of remodeling events that result in the release of thousands of ...
sábado 31 de diciembre de 2005
REVIEW: Platelets in inflammation and atherogenesis
Abstract Platelets represent an important linkage between inflammation, thrombosis, and atherogenesis. Inflammation is characterized by interactions among platelets, leukocytes, and ECs. These interactions trigger autocrine and paracrine activation processes that lead to leukocyte recruitment ...
viernes 30 de diciembre de 2005
Complex analysis of intracranial hypertension using approximate entropy
Objective: To determine whether decomplexification of intracranial pressure dynamics occurs during periods of severe intracranial hypertension (intracranial pressure >25 mm Hg for >5 mins in the absence of external noxious stimuli) in pediatric patients with intracranial hypertension. ...
viernes 30 de diciembre de 2005
Low-dose leptin reverses skeletal muscle, autonomic, and neuroendocrine adaptations to maintenance of reduced weight
Abstract Maintenance of a reduced body weight is accompanied by decreased energy expenditure that is due largely to increased skeletal muscle work efficiency. In addition, decreased sympathetic nervous system tone and circulating concentrations of leptin, thyroxine, and triiodothyronine ...
jueves 29 de diciembre de 2005
Hmgb-1 as a therapeutic target for infectious and inflammatory disorders
High-mobility group box (HMGB)-1 was recently identified as a lethal mediator of severe sepsis and represents a novel group of intracellular proteins that function as inflammatory cytokines when released into the extracellular milieu. From a clinical perspective, extracellular HMGB-1 can cause ...
jueves 29 de diciembre de 2005
Mannose-binding lectin polymorphisms in severe sepsis:relationship to levels, incidence, and outcome
Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) genetic polymorphisms result in deficiency of the encoded protein and increased susceptibility to infection, especially in children and the immunocompromised. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between MBL-2 exon 1 and promoter -221 ...
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